Vertebral compression fracture in the spine can occur when one or more vertebra weakens due to osteoporosis, injury, or due to a tumor. These fractures can lead to collapse of the vertebra into a wedge shape. Vertebral compression fracture can lead to severe mobility limitations, back pain, and a hunch in the back leading to changed body shape. Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for stabilizing compression fracture in the spine.
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In the process, bone cement is injected using high pressure into the vertebrae, which have been cracked or broken due to osteoporosis, neoplasm, and accident. Vertebroplasty can relieve pain, increase mobility, and reduce the use of pain medication. Kyphoplasty is a modern spine surgery procedure for stabilizing vertebral compression fracture caused due to osteoporosis, cancer, etc. Kyphoplasty is similar to vertebroplasty. However, in this process, surgeons use special balloons to create spaces within the vertebra that are then filled with vertebroplasty bone cement. This process is quite useful to restore lost height of the spine.
According to United Nations 2017 data, there were an estimated 962 million people aged 60 or above in the world, accounting for 13% of the global population. The obese and geriatric populations are more prone to orthopedic diseases. Cartilages become prone to strain and fatigue due to less water content. This leads to connective tissues such as ligaments attached to the bones becoming less flexible and more constrained which results in early bone loss and increased risk of fracture. According to the International Conference on Spine and Spinal Disorders (2016), osteoporosis is becoming a part of the geriatric population. Approximately 1.5 million people suffer from osteoporosis fracture every year and an estimated 700,000 of them experience spinal fracture. High incidence of spine fracture is creating demand for spine surgeries. This in turn is increasing the use of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty bone cement.
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The two major categories of bone cement are nondegradable acrylic bone cements (ABCs) and degradable calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). Vertebroplasty bone cements should possess a number of properties that differentiate them from total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) bone cements. Vertebroplasty bone cement are self-curing compounds that are used in a flowable state with adequate viscosity to be injected efficiently and turn into fully cured cement in the body to deliver sufficient support to the fractured vertebra. Vertebroplasty bone cement should have substantial mechanical strength and toughness to provide long-term support to the patient. Vertebroplasty is performed under high contrast X-ray imaging, hence the bone cement needs to be radiopaque to provide clear contrast to the clinician during the surgery.
The global vertebroplasty bone cement market is projected to grow at a steady pace during the forecast period owing to a multitude of factors. Rise in the number of patients with spinal problems occurring due to accidents, trauma, tumors, sedentary lifestyle, age, and osteoporosis is anticipated to drive the global vertebroplasty bone cement market during the forecast period. Incidence of accidental injuries during sports, driving, and adventure has increased significantly in the last decade.
According to the WHO, in 2013, around 500,000 people across the world suffered from spinal cord injury and majority of the spinal cord injuries were due to preventable causes such as road traffic crashes, falls, or violence. Hence, increase in the number of accidents is expected to propel demand for vertebroplasty bone cement during the forecast period. Increase in the geriatric population and rise in the number of lifestyle-related disorders are also expected to augment the global vertebroplasty bone cement market.
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